Ian Gordon created Longwave Analytics, which studies the Longwave principle, by which economies obey long-term cyclical trends of expansion and contraction.

The current gold/silver ratio is near 66, which is bullish for silver. The average of the ratio over the last four years was about 55.

In the second quarter of 2014, world central banks bought 117.8 tonnes of gold bullion compared to 92.1 tonnes a year earlier — a jump of 28%.

What’s in store for mining companies in the coming years? It’s a question plenty are asking, but few are answering. Sen. Pete Goicoechea, R-Eureka, noted the uncertainty.

It is quiet at Tim Callaway’s gold mine, with its crumbling concrete, rotting wood and the occasional butterfly accustomed to undisturbed access. But there is plenty of commotion over what’s below the surface: an unseen 240,000 ounces of ore.

The team running J.P. Morgan Asset Management’s natural resources fund has said the gold price is unlikely to surge ahead from current levels, as US monetary policy and a strengthening dollar continue to weigh on sentiment.

Pierre Lassonde is one of the ‘superstars’ of the resource sector. He co-founded Franco-Nevada, the largest royalty and streaming company in the mining sector.