The outlook for South Africa’s deep-level mining sector over the next ten years is bleak, without drastic change, comments Mandela Mining Precinct co-director Navin Singh. This is because of challenges around operating costs and safety of personnel, says South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy council member William Joughin, adding that the ongoing pressure to improve safety requires a reduction in exposure of personnel at the face, which is difficult to achieve without introducing new technologies.